THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON THE NON-IMMUNE SYSTEM OF THE LUNG AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
W. J. Rea, M.D. F.A.C.S.
American Environmental Health Foundation, Dallas, Texas
The effects of inorganic and organic chemical pollutants on the non-immune system of the lung and cardiovascular systems are rapidly becoming recognized. Recent evidence incriminates ozone, nitrous oxide, and phenols. Mild to moderate exposure of these pollutants cause acute toxicological tolerance or a dysfunction to occur in the pulmonary vascular systems.
This adaption is characterized pathologically by damage to the Type I ciliated epithelial cells with replacement by Type II ciliated epithelial cells, interstitial cells, and fibroblasts. This change in cellular make-up allows for return of pulmonary function to control levels, but the lung will have long term damage with repeated episodes.
Metabolic changes occur with mitrochondrial damage from the generation of free radicals. Glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism are altered, and RNA and DNA changes occur. Many enzyme systems like the monamine oxidase, cytochrome P-450, and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase systems are changed. Resultant metabolic dysfunctions and limitations in the detoxification of aromatic hydrocarbons occur. The glutathione system is also effected thereby altering sulfhydral reduction mechanisms.